Némesisconcepto de justicia en la ética feminista de Mary Daly. Aportación a la visión tradicional de la justicia, la justicia de la representación y la justicia del cuidado

Abstract

Mary Daly presents the feminist ethics of justice based on the image of Nemesis. This paper makes an analysis of her books outlining a great progress that it implies for feminism and shows its contrasts and similarities with traditional and feminist's ethics. Her innovation in ethics field bases on Nemesis as a model of justice that connects metaphysics and linguistics and concerns its Aristotelian roots on the contrary as the ethics of care and ethics of representation which base of modern ethics. Her philosophy presents its own epistemological body (unlike the philosophy of the genitive) and it allows the establishment of an ethics that does not depend directly on Aristotle or Kant (parents of classical and modern philosophy and morals), although it articulates their best intuitions and methods. The work aims to recover the memory of this thinker and her writings discovering her as the first woman doctor in theology in Europe and the United States, a pioneer and a writer who carries out a fruitful dialogue between philosophy and classical and feminist theology, with an innovative contribution to the ethical theory represented by Nemesis as an alternative image to the traditional virtue of justice. The aim is to highlight the author's innovative contribution to the feminist ethical treatise by investigating how aesthetics break into ethics and why it is so important for the feminist reflection and for a reception of Daly's narrative. The objective achieved is also to show how Daly articulates ethics and aesthetics around the virtue of justice and how he manages to present the image of the goddess Nemesis and its relevance for the renewal of the feminist understanding of justice by reviewing the currents of this category from traditional ethics. Finally, we intend to review the currents of actual feminist ethics, specifically Nancy Fraser's representation justice, Carol Gilligan's justice of care and ecofeminism, to show their affinities and differences with respect to Daly's proposal, situating the author in the context of the modern and current problematic and debate of feminist ethics, valuing her contribution to it. The bibliographical and interdisciplinary methodology is applied. Showing the sources of Daly`s thought and her influences and the narrative contexts, the ethical consequences of the use of the Nemesis metaphor, we will see how Daly's ethical model is able to transform both a distorted tradition (history) and a moral content that allows liberating moral praxis. Our approach to Daly's justice of the Nemesis is interdisciplinary and narrative. These methodology has been chosen to facilitate the understanding of the ethical principles of her work and to link the concept of Nemesis with different theoretical and practical areas: theology, ontology, semantics, politics and history, the existential, humanistic and experiential field of women, the ecological concern and utopia. Throughout the investigation we have shown: o The conditions of possibility of structuring an ethics of feminist justice, based on Daly's narrative, in comparison with the foundations of modern ethics: connection of the classical theological reflection on the virtue of justice with a feminist concern for new languages that represent liberating praxis; use of an ethical method based on the critical ontology and semantics of traditional justice and its modern frameworks. o The relevance of the symbol/figure of Nemesis to designate the transversal orientation of feminist ethics as non-fragmented and common epistemological body of science. o The state of the question of the current feminist ethics with attention to the ecofeminist approaches, in odder to clarify the categories of comparison with the other authors, highlight the new aspects of Daly's concept of justice as Nemesis with respect, both to the classic vision of justice, and from the current feminist ethical debate around the justice of representation and care in the context of equality and difference. o The contribution of Daly's proposal to the feminist perspectives of justice that make Daly's ethics a feminist alternative to the traditional concept of justice and provide a global framework to ground different currents of feminist ethics.