Estudio in vitro de la citotoxicidad de materiales biocerámicos utilizados en endodoncia sobre células mesenquimales de origen dental

Zusammenfassung

INTRODUCTION: Among the root canal filling techniques known in endodontics, the most commonly used techniques include a semirigid core material, normally gutta-percha, and a sealant cement. These materials are confined inside the root canal, in intimate contact with the periapical tissues and even occasionally, extrusion occurs to said tissues. Due to this situation, we need to use materials that respect these tissues and favor the healing and regeneration of the damaged tissues. Since the appearance of the mineral trioxide aggregate in the 1990s, many attempts have been made to combine this tricalcium mineral with materials already used to seal the root canals. That is why it is of interest for the scientific community to study materials recently commercialized and that have not yet proven their biological properties have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study is to evaluate in vitro the cytotoxicity of bioceramic sealant cements used in endodontics GuttaFlow Bioseal¿, GuttaFlow 2¿ and MTA Fillapex¿ in contact with human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs), taking AH Plus¿ as reference sealer already studied. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From cells obtained from the periodontal ligament of human teeth, hPDLSCs could be isolated and seeded. Said stem cells were identified by immunocytochemical labeling techniques. The biological tests were carried out in vitro. A cell viability and migration assays were performed using eluates of each cement. To study the morphology and adhesion of the hPDLSCs in contact with the different cements, the cells were seeded directly on the disc surface of the different cements and were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cements used were characterized with the scanning electron microscope and the X-ray scattering energy technique (MEB EDX). In turn, the eluates of the cements were studied by mass spectrometry with Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP-MS) and the pH and osmolarity were measured. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our results in this study, both researchers and clinicians could find these conclusions relevant: " Regarding cell viability, GuttaFlow Bioseal¿ showed the best results and MTA FIllapex¿ appears to be the most cytotoxic. " Regarding cell adhesión, GuttaFlow Bioseal¿ appears to be the most suitable material for cells to attach, and MTA Fillapex the worst. " The silicon-based sealers show a more uniform Surface and allow better rates of cell migration when in contact with hDPLSC. " The resin-based sealers in this study, show a high numer of traces of tungsten that could be related to their higher cytotoxicity. " MTA Fillapex¿ is the only sealer in this study that showed traces of sulfure. " Despite the manufacturer's information sheet about the silicon-based sealers composition, no traces of silver nor platinum were found in this study.